Apparatus for carbonizing.



l PATENTED 1\ov.1'7\,1903..A B.- ZWILLINGBR..

"APPARATUS PoR GARBONIZING; UEMOA-Tron FILED PEB. 2s. 1901., RBNBWED JUNE 5, 1903.

mrs. wgsnmsToN, n` f N0.744,668. y PATENTEJJ 1\I0V..17,1903.'A v B. 'ZWILLINGER- APPARATUS POR OARBONIZlNG. APrLIoATIoN FILED PEB. za, 1901. BBNBWED JUNE 5. 190s. No MODEL. a SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES! l lNVENTOR I w ATTORNEYS' effect the carbonizationand subsequent cool- UNITED STATES Patented November 1'7, 1903.

:PATENT GEEICE.

BERNHARD ZWILL1NGER,0E NEW YoRiL-N. Y.,` AssiGNoR,` RY MEsNE ASSIGNMENTS, `To.' AMERioAN FUEL AND DISTILLAfrIoN'coMPANY,

A CoRPoRATloNoE 'NEW JERSEY.

'Y APPARATUS FOR cARBoN|z|NG- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters atent No. 744,668, dated'November 137, 1.903. Application filed FebruaryZS, 1931. Renewed June 5, 1903. Serial No. 160,264. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern,.- I

Beit known that I, BERNHARD ZWILLINGER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, count-y, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Apparatus forv Carbonizing, of which the followingis a s'peciw able lhydraulic main G, from which a pipe-h fication.

My invention relates to 'an apparatus forcarbonizing carbonizable material, and hasVV for its object to produce an apparatus'which will eiect a thorough and even carbonization of the material and which-will at the same time produce a verylarge. yield of by-products.

My inventionfurther has for its object to ing down of the carbonized material in the shortest possible time.

My invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which I have shown an apparatus in which my in-Y- l downwardly throughl a'tlue d6.

course be understoodthat there are several of these chambers or ue's which communi` cate, respectively, 'with' theA passages di', which l intervene'between the heater and kiln and' pass beneath the kiln by means of pipes d8- .toastack e116. Intervening between the cham bers or lues d2, d3, d4, andd6 are iioors or vention is embodied.

It will be understood, however, that this" apparatus is only one of many forms whichv may be employed and that I do not limit my; self to such apparatus.-

able injector. on an enlarged scale, taken through the kiln and the heater.

tional plan taken at different levels;v Fig. 3b

`is a section through the"drum of the kiln.

Fig. 4c is an enlarged detailed planview of' the connections intervening between the kiln and the heater; andY Fig. 5 is a section on line 5 5 of Fig. 4:, showing the means for cooling down the conduit intervening between the heater andthe kiln for the purpose of cooling down the charge after carbonization.

In the drawings,`A represents a suitable air-compressor, which is preferably connected by piping B with an air and gas mixer C, wherein the atmospheric air and the permanent gases are thoroughly mingled.

lmore fully in detail. 2the mixer tothe heater, and pipe e connects vthe heater with a suitable drumfin the kiln l Fig. 3is a sectional plan ofy the structure shown in'Fig. 2, taken on the" line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 32j isa similar'sec-- D is'v the heater, which will be described The piping d leads from F. Leading from thebottoni of thekilnF is a pipe g, Which communicates with a s'uitleads to a' condenser Hgf'from which condenser a pipe't' leads to a vessel I in the nature of a Wulff bottle;V From the Wullf bot- `tle a suitable 'pipej leads back to an injector The'heater, which may be of any flue d2, thence upward through a` iiue d3,l

thence forwardly through a Hue d4 and up- Wardly through a ilue d5, and rearwardly and zmovable plates (112, which maybe elevated at the end of the carbonizing process, so as to prevent the products of combustion from the `heater from passing through the pipes d8,`so` that the kiln will thereby be cooled down much' sooner.

The kiln, whichis best shownin Figs. 2- andi 3 and which may be of any suitable construction, is preferably of the form shown in the said gures--namely, circular. Communicating with the drum f in kiln is a pipef,

It Will of which pipe runs around the interior of thekiln, on the floor thereof, and is provided with perforated branch pipes f2, which extend from the wall of the kiln to or about the center thereof, the said pipes being preferably radially placed with respect to the circumference ofthe kiln. The function of these pipes is to distribute the mixture of air and permanent gases thoroughly to the charge in the kiln in order to promote a uniform carbonization, and to have a rapid circulation of fresh air after the carbonization is finished a suitable draft-producing appliance f3 is provided in the stack dm. This draft-producing appliance is preferably a gas or steam jet.

In Fig. 3b the drum f, which is shown in Fig. 2 as located within the kiln, is shown as provided with baille-partitionsff7 to effect a more thorough com mingling of the gases.

Before describing the detailed operation of the apparatus I will first describe the general principles upon which the invention depends.

The leading idea of inserting or introducing a gas into the kiln is to produce a thorough carbonization of the material, while at the same time preventing combustion, and thereby yielding the highest possible percent. of by-products. The so-called permanent gases, which are derived from the dry distillation of Wood, are generally composed of fifty-eight to sixty-four per cent. carbonic acid, carbon monoxid, marsh-gases, ethylene hydrogen and are sucked by means of an injector, which is operated by the air-compresser, into the mixing-vessel, and at the same time the atmospheric air which produces the injection is forced into this vessel, so that the air and permanent gases are thoroughly commingled before they enter the kiln. This commingling produces a dilution of the air. In this manner the air will be mixed with such a volume of combustible gas that after combustion of the mixture, which takes place in the kiln, a large part of the oxygen in the air will be used upin such combustion. Thus of the twenty-one per cent. of oxygen contained in the air only from five to seven per cent. will remain. The mixture passes through the mixer, which is halffilled With water and which performs two functions: First, the mixture of gases will be saturated with water-vapor so as to prevent the heating-coils from being damaged by the intense heat, and, second, to serve as a sort of deposit medium for the permanent gases which carry over mechanically a certain amount of tar from the Wulff bottles. This mixture of gases goes through the heating'coils and is heated up to about 650 Fahrenheit. Before it enters the kiln the pipes in the kiln serve to thoroughly distribute the gas mixture to the charge. It will be understood'that the functions performed by the Water in the mixer are such that it is unnecessary to renew the supply of water continuously, and the Water remains in the mixer until it has become too turbid to properly perform its functions as a depository,

when it is replaced by fresh water, but l wish it distinctly understood that there is no constant supply, and I wish to clearly distinguish from an apparatus which purports to employ a constant supply of Water for the purpose of deoxygenizing. so far described l reduce thevtime necessary for carbonization and obtain a greater percentage of by-products than heretofore. Ordinarily under a supply of gases of from three hundred to five hundred cubic feet per minule and employing a charge of one hundred iand twenty thousand pounds of wood I need operate on one charge not more than sixty hours, thereby producing about twenty-five per cent. of very best charcoal, one to two per cent. of ninety-iivepercent methyl-alcohol, four to live per cent. of one-hundred-per-cent. acetic acid, and live to seven per cent. of tar. The time of carbonization can be greatly reduced by increasing the gas volume. y The gases and vapors which are derived from the glowing mass in the kiln are removed from the kiln at the bottom thereof (see Figs. l and 2) by the pipe g. It will be understood, however, lhat while I have shown the pipe g as leading from the bottom of the kiln this pipe may within the limits of my invention be otherwise located. I have shown it leading from the bottom of the kiln because that is the most efficient construction, as the draft is downward in kilns of this description, thereby producing a very thorough and even carbonization to avoid at the bottom of the kiln a residue of slightly-carbonized Wood, commonly called brands, and preventing objectionable decomposition of the by-prodnets. Some of the advantages of thus proceeding will be obvious when it is realized that a very small percentage of acetone is produced by me, wherebyI avoid the detrimental effect of the large percentage of acetone in thewood-alcohol. Recentresultshaveshown generally only one one-hundredth of one per cent. of acetone in the raw Wood-alcohol. The gases emanating from the kiln are led into the condenser H, where the by-products are condensed, and passed, with the permanent gases, into the Wulff bottles I. The necessary amount of permanent gases is preferably returned immediately to the injector J of the mixer, whereas the surplus may be led off by a pipe jg to a suitable gas-holder or be directly burned under the steam-boilers. This injector is shown as consisting of a shell 1, having ports 2, 3, and t, and avalve 5. When the carbonzing in the kiln is complete, the kiln is cooled down, the gas-supply to the kiln being shut olf and the pipes d8 running beneath the kiln being deprived of their heat. The latter function is effected by raising the plates or covers C112 of the pipes or flues and blocking or shutting off the com bustion-chamber of the heater by means of a plate d, and the steam or gas jet is set in operation to create an intense draft, so that the kiln Will rapidly cool down. By thus proceeding I can By this process p ICO IIO

cool down the kiln in about forty hours,where as formerly it required six to seven days to eiect a thorough cooling.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-'- l. In a carbonizing apparatus, the combination of a kiln, a heater for gases connected with said kiln, a gasconveying device connected with the said heater to supply a gaseous mixture thereto and channels located under the kiln and connected with a draft device to aid in cooling the kiln at the end of the operation.

2. In a carbonizing apparatus, the combination of a kiln, a heater for gases having two separate channels, channels located under the kiln, and connection from one of the channels of the heater to said channels under the kiln, a cut-off device located in said connection, a device located in said connection between the cut-off device and the kiln for connecting the channels under the kiln with the v. gases, afdrum located Within the kilnand pro- Vvided with baffle-partitions, means for supplying a gaseous mixture tothe heater, a connection from the outlet of said heater to the inlet of the drum, and a discharge-pipe connected with the outlet of the drum and lothrough one of said channels, means for sup-v plying a gaseous mixture to the Aother chanl nel, a connection from the last-named channel to the' interior ofithe kiln, channels located beneath the kiln and connected with the heating-channel of the heater and means intervening between the heating-channels of the heater and the kiln for shutting 0E the How of the heating medium and for producing a /iow of fresh air beneathvthe kiln to'V cool the same.

BERNHARD ZWILLINGER.

Witnesses: l

GEO. E. MORSE, OTTO v. SCHRENK. 

